Design of bamboo ladder as traditional construction equipment based on static loading analysis

  • Novie Susanto Diponegoro University
  • Ratna Purwaningsih Diponegoro University
  • Dinar Anggita Restuti Diponegoro University
Abstract views: 366 , PDF downloads: 1029
Keywords: Bamboo, Construction, Ladder, Static loading, Traditional

Abstract

The bamboo ladder is a traditional construction equipment that still survives on the market and is in demand, especially in rural communities such as Kedalingan village. However, bamboo stairs still do not consider the standard of stairs design. In addition, there are concerns that users of the ladder may experience injury due to falls because the ladder cannot withstand the load (unbalanced). This study aims to obtain the maximum load that can be held by bamboo ladders and the angle of the position of the safe ladder by considering the Indonesian people's anthropometric weight. Calculation results based on the principle of equilibrium show that with a maximum user weight of 89.25 kg, the ladder must be positioned with a minimum slope of 53,26o but less than 65.43o. In addition, a static loading simulation was carried out using SolidWorks 2019 on a bamboo ladder frame structure that was made referring to SNI 19 - 1956 – 1990. Simulation results show that the design of a bamboo ladder can withstand a maximum body weight of 89.25 kg with the maximum load value of bamboo holding is 98.93 kg.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Y.-H. Hung, ‘Ladder Safety: Research, Control, and Practice’, in Fall Prevention and Protection, CRC Press, 2016, pp. 415–426. doi: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315373744-25.

Y. Goh, S. P. Yap, and T. Y. Tong, ‘Bamboo: The Emerging Renewable Material for Sustainable Construction’, in Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials, Oxford: Elsevier, 2020, pp. 365–376. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.10748-9.

K. F. Chung and W. K. Yu, ‘Mechanical properties of structural bamboo for bamboo scaffoldings’, Eng. Struct., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 429–442, 2002, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00110-9.

I. M. Sulastiningsih and Nurwati, ‘Physical and mechanical properties of laminated bamboo board’, J. Trop. For. Sci., pp. 246–251, 2009, [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/23616804.

P. Simeonov, H. Hsiao, I.-J. Kim, J. R. Powers, and T.-Y. Kau, ‘Factors Affecting Extension Ladder Angular Positioning’, Hum. Factors, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 334–345, Apr. 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720812445805.

K. K. Häkkinen, J. Pesonen, and E. Rajamäki, ‘Experiments on safety in the use of portable ladders’, J. Occup. Accid., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–19, 1988, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-6349(88)90002-8.

B.-S. Yang and J. A. Ashton-Miller, ‘Factors affecting stepladder stability during a lateral weight transfer: A study in healthy young adults’, Appl. Ergon., vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 601–607, 2005, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2005.01.012.

Q. A. Fu, P. Simeonov, H. Hsiao, C. Woolley, and T. J. Armstrong, ‘Selected movement and force pattern differences in rail- and rung-climbing of fire apparatus aerial ladders at 52.5° slope’, Appl. Ergon., vol. 99, p. 103639, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103639.

E. A. Rapp van Roden, J. George, L. T. Milan, and R. T. Bove, ‘Evaluation of injury patterns and accident modality in step ladder-related injuries’, Appl. Ergon., vol. 96, p. 103492, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103492.

P. Simeonov, H. Hsiao, J. Powers, I.-J. Kim, T.-Y. Kau, and D. Weaver, ‘Research to improve extension ladder angular positioning’, Appl. Ergon., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 496–502, 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2012.10.017.

A. O. Campbell and C. C. Pagano, ‘The effect of instructions on potential slide-out failures during portable extension ladder angular positioning’, Accid. Anal. Prev., vol. 67, pp. 30–39, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2014.01.025.

A. D. Rafindadi et al., ‘Analysis of the causes and preventive measures of fatal fall-related accidents in the construction industry’, Ain Shams Eng. J., vol. 13, no. 4, p. 101712, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101712.

D. S. Bloswick and D. B. Chaffin, ‘An ergonomic analysis of the ladder climbing activity’, Int. J. Ind. Ergon., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 17–27, 1990, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8141(90)90047-6.

P. Simeonov et al., ‘Evaluation of a “walk-through” ladder top design during ladder-roof transitioning tasks’, Appl. Ergon., vol. 59, pp. 460–469, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.10.008.

D. Phelan and L. O’Sullivan, ‘Shoulder muscle loading and task performance for overhead work on ladders versus Mobile Elevated Work Platforms’, Appl. Ergon., vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 1384–1391, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2014.03.007.

G. S. Milligan, J. O’Halloran, and M. J. Tipton, ‘An ergonomics assessment of three simulated 120 m ladder ascents: A comparison of novice and experienced climbers’, Appl. Ergon., vol. 85, p. 103043, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2019.103043.

P. Simeonov, H. Hsiao, T. Armstrong, Q. Fu, C. Woolley, and T.-Y. Kau, ‘Effects of aerial ladder rung spacing on firefighter climbing biomechanics’, Appl. Ergon., vol. 82, p. 102911, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102911.

Y. Gao, V. A. Gonzalez, and T. W. Yiu, ‘The effectiveness of traditional tools and computer-aided technologies for health and safety training in the construction sector: A systematic review’, Comput. Educ., vol. 138, pp. 101–115, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.05.003.

A. M. Cruz et al., ‘Comparing the biomechanical and perceived exertion imposed on workers when using manual mechanical and powered cargo management systems during ladder loading and unloading tasks’, Int. J. Ind. Ergon., vol. 86, p. 103199, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2021.103199.

O. Thamsuwan, K. Galvin, M. Tchong-French, J. H. Kim, and P. W. Johnson, ‘A feasibility study comparing objective and subjective field-based physical exposure measurements during apple harvesting with ladders and mobile platforms’, J. Agromedicine, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 268–278, Jul. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2019.1593273.

O. Thamsuwan et al., ‘Comparisons of physical exposure between workers harvesting apples on mobile orchard platforms and ladders, part 2: Repetitive upper arm motions’, Appl. Ergon., vol. 89, p. 103192, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103192.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional, SNI 19-1956-1990 Tangga kerja, Keselamatan kerja pada pembuatan dan pemakaian. Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional, 2019, [Online]. https://pesta.bsn.go.id/produk/detail/2315-sni19-1956-1990.

American National Standards Institute, ANSI A14.1-1990: Ladders Wood Safety Requirements. New York: American National Standards Institute, 2009, [Online]. https://law.resource.org/pub/us/cfr/ibr/002/ansi.a14.1.1990.pdf.

C. A. Phillips, Human Factors Engineering. New York: John Wiley and sons, 2000, [Online]. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Y3VRAAAAMAAJ.

E. J. Hearn, Mechanics of Materials Volume 1: An Introduction to the Mechanics of Elastic and Plastic Deformation of Solids and Structural Materials. Elsevier Science, 1997, [Online]. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=7eKu5Kh0dHcC.

F. Tayyari and J. L. Smith, Occupational Ergonomics: Principles and applications. Springer US, 1997, [Online]. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=zkt5QgAACAAJ.

D. Amirudin, R. B. Astro, D. H. Mufida, S. Humairo, and S. Viridi, ‘Pengaruh Luas Permukaan Benda Terhadap Koefisien Gesek Statis Dan Kinetis Pada Bidang Miring Dengan Menggunakan Video Tracker’, in Seminar Nasional Fisika ESNF2018 UNJ, 2018, pp. 91–97, doi: https://doi.org/10.21009/03.SNF2018.01.PE.12.

T. K. Chuan, M. Hartono, and N. Kumar, ‘Anthropometry of the Singaporean and Indonesian populations’, Int. J. Ind. Ergon., vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 757–766, 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2010.05.001.

P. Manik, A. Suprihanto, Sulardjaka, and S. Nugroho, ‘Technical analysis of increasing the quality of apus bamboo fiber (Gigantochloa Apus) with alkali and silane treatments as alternative composites material for ship skin manufacturing’, AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 2262, no. 1, p. 50014, Sep. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0015696.

P. Manik, S. Samuel, M. A. F. Kamil, and T. Tuswan, ‘Analisis Kekuatan Lentur Dan Kekuatan Tekan Balok Laminasi Bambu Petung (Dendrocalamus asper) dan Serat Kelapa Sebagai Komponen Konstruksi Kapal’, Arena Tekst., vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 25–36, Jun. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.31266/at.v37i1.7701.

K. A. Harries and B. Sharma, Nonconventional and Vernacular Construction Materials: Characterisation, Properties and Applications. Elsevier Science, 2019, [Online]. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=geu-DwAAQBAJ.

V. Dobrovolsky, Machine Elements. Moscow: Peace Publishers, 1968, [Online]. https://www.worldcat.org/title/machine-elements/oclc/930407085.

PlumX Metrics

Published
2022-12-26
How to Cite
[1]
N. Susanto, R. Purwaningsih, and D. A. Restuti, “Design of bamboo ladder as traditional construction equipment based on static loading analysis”, j. sist. manaj. ind., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 143-156, Dec. 2022.
Section
Research Article