Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pelaku Usaha Mikro dalam Perjanjian Kerjasama dengan Pihak Ketiga di Platform Digital

Abstract

The rapid development of digital technology has significantly transformed the way business activities are conducted, particularly for micro-enterprises that increasingly rely on digital platforms to market their products and establish partnerships with third parties. These business relationships are generally governed by cooperation agreements that define the rights and obligations of each party. However, in practice, micro-business owners often occupy a weaker bargaining position because most agreements are presented as standard contracts prepared unilaterally by digital platform providers. As a result, micro-enterprises have limited opportunities to negotiate contract terms and may suffer losses due to unilateral policy changes, breaches of contract, or disputes with third parties. This study aims to analyze the legal protection available to micro-enterprises in cooperation agreements with third parties on digital platforms, identify the legal challenges arising from the implementation of such agreements, and examine efforts to strengthen legal protection for micro-business owners. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources, which are analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that legal protection for micro-enterprises remains inadequate due to several factors, including the unequal bargaining position between the parties, the widespread use of standard contracts, the limited legal awareness of micro-business owners, and the lack of comprehensive legal regulations governing contractual relationships on digital platforms. Therefore, stronger legal regulations, the implementation of the principles of good faith and contractual fairness, greater transparency by digital platform providers, and improved legal literacy among micro-business owners are necessary to establish fair contractual relationships, ensure legal certainty, and support the sustainable growth of Indonesia's digital economy.