Antara Keamanan dan Keberlanjutan: Pangan Nasional Indonesia melalui Program Food Estate dalam Perspektif Sekuritisasi & Green International Relations

Abstract

This study analyzes Indonesia’s food estate policy as an instrument of national food security while highlighting the paradox between food self-sufficiency and environmental sustainability. From the perspective of International Relations, food has undergone a process of securitization, shifting from an economic issue to a strategic security concern due to global geopolitical dynamics, disruptions in global supply chains, and the growing influence of international environmental norms. This research employs Barry Buzan’s Securitization Theory in conjunction with the Green International Relations approach to examine how food insecurity is constructed as a security threat within state policies and how geopolitical interests and environmental norms shape the implementation of the food estate program. The study aims to analyze food self-sufficiency as a strategic instrument for strengthening Indonesia’s national sovereignty in the context of contemporary global geopolitics. Specifically, it investigates how land optimization initiatives in Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Papua contribute to achieving national food self-sufficiency. At the same time, the findings reveal a fundamental paradox: while the food estate policy is intended to enhance national food security, its implementation has generated significant social and ecological consequences at the local level, exposing tensions between the pursuit of national food security and the imperative of environmental sustainability.