Keamanan Situs Web Crowdfunding melalui Implementasi Teknologi Blockchain Polygon

Rafi Johari; Viddi Mardiansyah

doi:10.30656/jsii.v12i2.10573

Authors

Rafi Johari Universitas Widyatama
Viddi Mardiansyah Universitas Widyatama https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8653-9087

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30656/jsii.v12i2.10573

Abstract

This study aims to enhance the security and transparency of crowdfunding platforms by implementing Polygon blockchain technology. Traditional crowdfunding systems are often vulnerable to fund mismanagement and lack accountability. To address these issues, a blockchain-based crowdfunding website was developed using smart contracts deployed on the Polygon network. The project follows a software engineering approach using the prototyping development model. The system is built using Solidity for smart contracts and React.js for the frontend, integrated with the MetaMask crypto wallet for authentication and transaction execution. The implementation results show that the system successfully facilitates secure, transparent, and decentralized donation processes. All transactions and fund flows are permanently recorded and verifiable through PolygonScan. User validation is conducted without conventional login systems, relying instead on wallet-based authentication, which reduces the risk of credential theft. Functional testing confirms that all core features perform as expected, including donation program selection, transaction history recording, and MetaMask integration. In conclusion, the developed system successfully achieves the research objective of providing a more secure and trustworthy crowdfunding platform through the application of Polygon blockchain technology.

Keywords: blockchain, crowdfunding, data security, MetaMask, smart contract.

Author Biography

Viddi Mardiansyah, Universitas Widyatama

VIDDI MARDIANSYAH (Member '12, IEEE) received a BSc degree in Computer Science, majoring in Informatics from Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia, in 1998, and a master's degree in Computer Engineering, majoring in Software Engineering from Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia, in 2007. He received his Doctoral degree in Electrical Engineering, majoring in Computer Engineering, from the Universitas Indonesia in 2023.
From 2015, he was also a permanent lecturer in Informatics for undergraduate students with the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Widyatama, Bandung, Indonesia. His research interests include blockchains, software engineering, programming, networking, and the Internet of Things.

References

[1] S. Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,” 2009.

[2] V. Mardiansyah and R. F. Sari, “Lightweight Blockchain Framework For Medical Record Data Integrity,” Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 91–103,

2022, doi: 10.6180/jase.202301_26(1).0010.

[3] A. Sharma, Sarishma, R. Tomar, N. Chilamkurti, and B.-G. Kim, “Blockchain Based Smart Contracts for Internet of Medical Things in e-Healthcare,” Electronics (Basel), vol. 9, no. 10, 2020, doi: 10.3390/electronics9101609.

[4] A. Gautama, A. F. Rochim, and L. Bayuaji, “Privacy Preserving Electronic Health Record with Consortium Blockchain,” in 2022 6th International Conference on Information Technology, Information Systems and Electrical Engineering (ICITISEE), 2022, pp. 303–308. doi:

10.1109/ICITISEE57756.2022.10057649.

[5] V. M. et al., “Privacy-Preserving Healthcare Analytics in Indonesia Using Lightweight Blockchain and Federated Learning: Current Landscape and Open Challenges,” ijeeemi, vol. 7, no. 2, 2025, doi: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v7i2.63.

[6] J. Zhang and M. Wu, “Blockchain Use in IoT for Privacy-Preserving Anti-Pandemic Home Quarantine,” Electronics (Basel), vol. 9, no. 10, 2020, doi: 10.3390/electronics9101746.

[7] H. Tan, P. Kim, and I. Chung, “Practical Homomorphic Authentication in Cloud- Assisted VANETs with Blockchain-Based Healthcare Monitoring for Pandemic Control,” Electronics (Basel), vol. 9, no. 10, 2020, doi: 10.3390/electronics9101683.

[8] V. Astarita, V. P. Giofrè, G. Mirabelli, and V. Solina, “A Review of Blockchain-Based

Systems in Transportation,” Information, vol. 11, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.3390/info11010021.

[9] V. Elagin, A. Spirkina, M. Buinevich, and A. Vladyko, “Technological Aspects of Blockchain Application for Vehicle-to- Network,” Information, vol. 11, no. 10, 2020, doi: 10.3390/info11100465.

[10] W. Cai, Z. Wang, J. B. Ernst, Z. Hong, C. Feng, and V. C. M. Leung, “Decentralized Applications: The Blockchain-Empowered Software System,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 53019–53033, 2018, doi:

10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2870644.

[11] N. Kshetri and J. Voas, “Blockchain-Enabled E-Voting,” IEEE Softw, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 95–

99, 2018, doi: 10.1109/MS.2018.2801546.

[12] N. Kaur and N. Kshetri, “Blockchain Technology,” in Blockchain Technology for Cyber Defense, Cybersecurity, and Countermeasures, CRC Press, 2025.

[13] V. Mardiansyah and R. F. Sari, “BCSimMP: A Blockchain Simulator with Mining Pool,” in 2022 7th International Conference on Big Data Analytics (ICBDA), 2022, pp. 109–114. doi: 10.1109/ICBDA55095.2022.9760360.

[14] Y. Aoki, K. Otsuki, T. Kaneko, R. Banno, and

K. Shudo, “SimBlock: A Blockchain Network Simulator,” in IEEE INFOCOM 2019 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), 2019, pp. 325–329. doi:

10.1109/INFCOMW.2019.8845253.

[15] C. Faria and M. Correia, “BlockSim: Blockchain Simulator,” in 2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain), 2019, pp. 439–446. doi: 10.1109/Blockchain.2019.00067.

[16] S. M. Fattahi, A. Makanju, and A. M. Fard, “SIMBA: An Efficient Simulator for Blockchain Applications,” in 2020 50th Annual IEEE-IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks- Supplemental Volume (DSN-S), 2020, pp. 51–

52. doi: 10.1109/DSN-S50200.2020.00028.

[17] V. Mardiansyah and R. F. Sari, “Implementation of Proof-of-Work Concept Algorithm using SimBlock Simulator,” in 2021 11th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS), 2021, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/NTMS49979.2021.9432645.

[18] G. Kumar, R. Saha, M. K. Rai, R. Thomas, and T. Kim, “Proof-of-Work Consensus Approach in Blockchain Technology for Cloud and Fog Computing Using Maximization-Factorization Statistics,” IEEE

Internet Things J, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 6835–

6842, 2019, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2911969.

[19] W. Viriyasitavat and D. Hoonsopon, “Blockchain characteristics and consensus in modern business processes,” J Ind Inf Integr, vol. 13, pp. 32–39, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jii.2018.07.004.

[20] V. Mardiansyah and R. F. Sari, “SimBlock Simulator Enhancement with Difficulty Level Algorithm Based on Proof-of-Work Consensus for Lightweight Blockchain,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 23, p. 9057, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9057

[21] F. Yang, W. Zhou, Q. Wu, R. Long, N. N.

Xiong, and M. Zhou, “Delegated Proof of Stake With Downgrade: A Secure and Efficient Blockchain Consensus Algorithm With Downgrade Mechanism,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 118541–118555, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2935149.

[22] S. M. H. Bamakan, A. Motavali, and A. B. Bondarti, “A survey of blockchain consensus algorithms performance evaluation criteria,” Expert Syst Appl, vol. 154, p. 113385, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113385.

[23] L. Cocco and M. Marchesi, “Modeling and Simulation of the Economics of Mining in the Bitcoin Market,” PLoS One, vol. 11, no. 10, 2016, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164603.

[24] V. Mardiansyah, A. Muis, and R. F. Sari, “Multi-State Merkle Patricia Trie (MSMPT): High-Performance Data Structures for Multi- Query Processing Based on Lightweight Blockchain,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 117282–117296, 2023, doi:

10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3325748.

[25] X. Liu, W. Wang, D. Niyato, N. Zhao, and P. Wang, “Evolutionary Game for Mining Pool Selection in Blockchain Networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 760–763, 2018, doi:

10.1109/LWC.2018.2820009.

[26] T. Jugran, A. Dubey, P. Kumari, and P. Kaur, “Efficient Use of Blockchain for Crowdfunding Platform,” in Proceedings of the 2023 Fifteenth International Conference on Contemporary Computing, New York, NY, USA: ACM, Aug. 2023, pp. 102–108. doi: 10.1145/3607947.3607966.

[27] T. Zade, K. Wakode, A. Panchakshari, S. Barad, and Prof. S. Taley, “Crowdfunding Using Blockchain,” Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 784–788, Feb.

2024, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2024.58442.

[28] A. Paul, “Assessing the Environmental Sustainability of Polygons Consensus Mechanism and Transaction Processing, Comparing Its Energy Consumption and Carbon Footprint with Other Layer 2 and Layer 1 Blockchain Solutions, And Exploring Potential Avenues for Further Optimization,” Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol, vol. 11, no. 6,

pp. 1497–1507, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2023.53900.

[29] S. S. Sonawane and D. Motwani, “Blockchain-Powered Financial Service Platform: Enabling P2P Payments, Crowdfunding and Loans,” in 2024 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Distributed Systems Security (ICBDS), IEEE, Oct. 2024, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/ICBDS61829.2024.10837128.

[30] Prof. Kapil Hande, Gitesh Sawarkar, Pratik Kapse, Raunak Modak, and Kaustubh Dharmare, “Secure and Transparent Crowdfunding using Blockchain,” Int J Sci Res Sci Eng Technol, pp. 809–816, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.32628/IJSRSET23102123.

[31] A. A. Kumar, H. L. Gururaj, A. M. Holla, B. R, S. Goundar, and J. V., “Decentralized Application for crowdfunding using Blockchain Technology,” International Journal of Blockchains and Cryptocurrencies, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1504/IJBC.2021.10038275.

[32] S. Venslavienė, J. Stankevičienė, and I. Leščauskienė, “Evaluation of Blockchain- Based Crowdfunding Campaign Success Factors Based on VASMA-L Criteria Weighting Method,” Adm Sci, vol. 13, no. 6,

p. 144, May 2023, doi: 10.3390/admsci13060144.

[33] P. Belleflamme, T. Lambert, and A. Schwienbacher, “Crowdfunding: Tapping the right crowd,” J Bus Ventur, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 585–609, Sep. 2014, doi:

10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.07.003.

[34] E. Mollick, “The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study,” J Bus Ventur, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 1–16, Jan. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.06.005.

[35] C. Jayapal, A. R. Xavier, and P. Arunachalam, “Capitalizing on Blockchain Technology for Efficient Crowdfunding: An Exploration of Ethereum’s Smart Contracts,” International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 723–729, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.18280/ijsse.130415.

[36] V. Gupta, N. Garg, S. Seth, N. Rastogi, S. S. Rawat, and R. Kumar, “Crowdfunding using Blockchain Technology: A Review,” Global Journal of Innovation and Emerging

Technology, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 8–14, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.58260/j.iet.2202.0107.

[37] Prof. D. Pawar, “Blockchain Based Crowdfunding Using Ethereum Smart Contract,” Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 6934–6939, May 2023, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2023.53299.

[38] S. S. , & S. R. Bamber, “CrowdFunding Decentralized Implementation on Ethereum Blockchain,” International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 2587–2593,

2022.

[39] Coinmonks, “How to Interact with Blockchain using Ethers.js,” https://medium.com/coinmonks/how-to- interact-with-blockchain-using-ethers-js- 7d0be4a8a6e8.

[40] PolygonScan, “PolygonScan,” https://polygonscan.com.

[41] Polygon Labs, “Introducing the Amoy Testnet for Polygon PoS," Polygon Technology Blog.” Accessed: May 08, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://polygon.technology/blog/introducing- the-amoy-testnet-for-polygon-pos

[42] Chainlink, “How To Get Polygon Amoy Testnet MATIC and LINK Tokens,” Chainlink Blog. Accessed: May 08, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://blog.chain.link/polygon-amoy-matic/

[43] Polygon Labs, “Polygon Faucet,” Polygon Technology. Accessed: May 08, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://faucet.polygon.technology/

[44] Polygon Labs, “RPC endpoints,” 2024.

Accessed: May 08, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://docs.polygon.technology/pos/reference

/rpc-endpoints/

[45] S. Antad, A. Vidhale, S. Vikhar, S. Thite, and

A. Warke, “A Smart Contract-Based Decentralised Crowdfunding Platform for Increased Security and Transparency,” in 2024 1st International Conference on Cognitive, Green and Ubiquitous Computing (IC-CGU), IEEE, Mar. 2024, pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1109/IC-CGU58078.2024.10530707.

[46] S. Yulianto, H. L. Hendric Spits Warnars, H. Prabowo, Meyliana, and A. N. Hidayanto, “Security Risks and Best Practices for Blockchain and Smart Contracts: A Systematic Literature Review,” in 2023 International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech), IEEE, Aug. 2023, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/ICIMTech59029.2023.10278055.

[47] J. M. Kizza, “Blockchains, Cryptocurrency, and Smart Contracts Technologies: Security Considerations,” 2024, pp. 575–600. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47549-8_26.

[48] L. Trotter et al., “Smart Donations: Event- Driven Conditional Donations Using Smart Contracts On The Blockchain,” in 32nd Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, New York, NY, USA: ACM, Dec. 2020, pp. 546–557. doi: 10.1145/3441000.3441014.

[49] S. M. H. M. Chowdhury, F. Jahan, S. M. Sara, and D. Nandi, “Secured Blockchain Based Decentralised Internet,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing Advancements, New York, NY, USA: ACM, Jan. 2020, pp. 1–7. doi: 10.1145/3377049.3377083.

[50] M. T. Aung and N. N. M. Thein, “A Comparative Study of Ethereum and Polygon for Implementing NFT-Based Certification Systems,” in 2024 5th International Conference on Advanced Information Technologies (ICAIT), IEEE, Nov. 2024, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/ICAIT65209.2024.10754936.

[51] M. Rane et al., “Polyfund: Polygon - Based Crowdfunding Dapp,” in 2023 IEEE 8th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), IEEE, Apr. 2023, pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1109/I2CT57861.2023.10126342.