Ergonomic Chairless Chair Operator Assembly Manufaktur Otomotif untuk Mengurangi Gejala Musculoskeletal Disorders

Ainun Nidhar; Agus Edy Pramono

doi:10.30656/intech.v10i2.8852

Authors

Ainun Nidhar Politeknik Negeri Jakarta https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2119-4398
Agus Edy Pramono Politeknik Negeri Jakarta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2337-1977

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30656/intech.v10i2.8852

Keywords:

Chairless Chair , Manufaktur, MSDs, NBM, REBA

Abstract

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) menjadi salah satu penyebab Penyakit Akibat Kerja (PAK) sebesar 16% dengan industri otomotif menjadi sektor penyumbang MSDs s terbesar ketiga. Dengan berkembangnya industri otomotif di Indonesia sebesar 10,3% , menyebabkan peningkatan kapasitas produksi sehingga waktu produksi unit akan menjadi lebih cepat. Siklus tersebut dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan Work-Related MSDs pada pekerja otomotif terkait masalah aktivitas material handling utamanya perakitan yang menjadi kunci pada proses otomotif. Penelitian mengenai MSDs di sektor industri manufaktur otomotif penting untuk dilakukan, mengingat banyaknya faktor risiko terjadinya MSDs pada operator di sektor tersebut. Objek penelitian yang dianalisis adalah departemen perakitan interior pada lini produksi. Analisa postur kerja terhadap risiko MSDs dilakukan menggunakan metode Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) dan penilaian Nordic Body Map (NBM) untuk mengetahui gejala-gejala MSDs yang dirasakan operator. Skor REBA sebesar 11 menunjukkan risiko tinggi terjadinya cedera muskuloskeletal yang membutuhkan tindakan segera, sedangkan hasil Nordic Body Map menunjukkan adanya keluhan pada bagian punggung akibat posisi membungkuk dan tangan kanan akibat proses pengangkatan. Sehingga rekomendasi yang diberikan ialah rancangan alat bantu ergonomis berupa exoskeleton kursi tanpa kursi pada operator proses perakitan interior untuk mengurangi tekanan pada punggung. Rancangan yang diusulkan perlu dibuat prototipe dan diteliti lebih lanjut nilai efektivitas penurunan risiko MSDs, serta dari segi ketahanan dan kekuatan materialnya.

References

Adiyanto, O., Mohamad, E., Jaafar, R., Ma’ruf, F., Faishal, M., & Anggraeni, A. (2022). Application of Nordic Body Map and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment for Assessing Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders: A case study in Small and Medium Enterprises. The International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 14(4), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2022.14.04.002

Ajhara, S., Novianus, C., & Muzakir, H. (2022). Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (Msds) pada Pekerja Bagian Sweing PT.X pada Tahun 2022. Jurnal Fisioterapi Dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 2(2), 150–162. https://doi.org/10.59946/jfki.2022.121

Ajslev, J. Z. N., Møller, J. L., Andersen, M. F., Pirzadeh, P., & Lingard, H. (2022). The Hierarchy of Controls as an Approach to Visualize the Impact of Occupational Safety and Health Coordination. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052731

Akter, S., Rahman, M. M., Mandal, S., & Nahar, N. (2016). Musculoskeletal symptoms and physical risk factors among automobile mechanics in Dhaka, Bangladesh. South East Asia Journal of Public Health, 6(1), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v6i1.30338

Allias, A., Awang, M. M., Shah, A. A., Azraee, Z., & Arif, M. (2015). Design and Development of a Lower Body Exoskeleton. 2nd Integrated Design Project Conference (IDPC). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289673535

C, S., Kumar G, S., P S, P., & J G, P. (2019). Design and Fabrication of Chairless Chair. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(2), 103–107. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.a4968.129219

Departemen Kesehatan. (2005). Profil Masalah Kesehatan Tahun 2005. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan RI. http://www.kesehatankerja.depkes.go.id?p=18

Dewi, N. F., Gawat, I., & Igd, D. (2019). Risiko Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada Perawat Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD). Jurnal Vokasi Indonesia, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.7454/jvi.v7i2.152

Direktorat Jendral Pelayanan Kesehatan (2024). Apa yang Disebut dengan Gangguan Musculoskeletal?. https://yankes.kemkes.go.id/view_artikel/3184/

Elbert, K. E. K., Kroemer, H. B., & Hoffman, A. D. K. (2018). Front matter. In B. Guerin (Ed.), Ergonomics (Third, p. iii). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813296-8.00016-5

Hignett, S., & McAtamney, L. (2000). Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Applied Ergonomics, 31(2), 201–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-6870(99)00039-3

Iida, F., Anastasiades, B., & Gunura, K. (2015). Wearable posture assisting device (Patent 13004208.0). https://patents.google.com/patent/EP2842527A1/en

Landau, K., Rademacher, H., Meschke, H., Winter, G., Schaub, K., Grasmueck, M., Moelbert, I., Sommer, M., & Schulze, J. (2008). Musculoskeletal disorders in assembly jobs in the automotive industry with special reference to age management aspects. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 38(7–8), 561–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2008.01.006

Luan, H. D., Hai, N. T., Xanh, P. T., Giang, H. T., Van Thuc, P., Hong, N. M., & Khue, P. M. (2018). Musculoskeletal Disorders: Prevalence and Associated Factors among District Hospital Nurses in Haiphong, Vietnam. BioMed Research International, 2018, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3162564

Madane, R. B., Pawar, S. M., Patil, R. B. R., & Raste, R. M. (2018). A Review on Design and Development of Chairless Chair by Using Damper. Proceedings of National Conference on Technological Developments in Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 136–138. https://repo.journalnx.com/index.php/nx/article/view/2454

Magdum, R. M., & Jadhav, S. M. (2018). Design and Implementation of Chair Less Seating Arrangement for Industrial Workers and Farmers. GRD Journal for Engineering, 3(8), 5–11. https://www.grdjournals.com/article?paper_id=GRDJEV03I080021

Mak, D. Y., & Wong, P. (2023). Musculoskeletal Disorders. In Medical Radiology: Vol. Part F1243 (Issue May, pp. 105–180). https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2022_373

Mohamad, D., Md Deros, B., Ismail, A. R., Daruis, D. D. I., & Sukadarin, E. H. (2013). RULA Analysis of Work-Related Disorder among Packaging Industry Worker Using Digital Human Modeling (DHM). Advanced Engineering Forum, 10, 9–15. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.10.9

Njaka, S., Mohd Yusoff, D., Anua, S. M., Kueh, Y. C., & Edeogu, C. O. (2021). Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and their associated factors among quarry workers in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon, 7(2), e06130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06130

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2012). Hazard Prevention And Control: Worksheet 1 What Is the Hierarchy of Controls? Product of Osha’S Recommended Practices for Safety & Health Programs, 1–5. https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/Hierarchy_of_Controls_02.01.23_form_508_2.pdf

Perpres RI. (2019). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2019 Tentang Penyakit Akibat Kerja. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/101622/perpres-no-7-tahun-2019

Rafique, S., Rana, S. M., Bjorsell, N., & Isaksson, M. (2024). Evaluating the advantages of passive exoskeletons and recommendations for design improvements. Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering, 11, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/20556683241239875

Santoso, G., Sugiharto, S., Mughni, A., Ammarullah, M. I., Bayuseno, A. P., & Jamari, J. (2022). Chairless Chairs for Orthopedic Surgery Purpose – A Literature Review. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(F), 146–152. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8148

Solomon, B. D. (2023). Sustainable manufacturing. In Dictionary of Ecological Economics. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788974912.S.110

Tjahayuningtyas, A. (2019). Factors Affecting Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in Informal Workers. Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 8(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v8i1.2019.1-10

Tunang, I. P., Utama, W. T., & Ismunandar, H. (2022). Gangguan Muskuloskeletal Akibat Kerja: Epidemiologi, Faktor Risiko, Gejala Klinis, Tatalaksana dan Pencegahan. Jurnal Kesehatan dan Agromedicine, 9(2), 109-115. https://juke.kedokteran.unila.ac.id/index.php/agro/article/view/3096

Zare, M., Bodin, J., Cercier, E., Brunet, R., & Roquelaure, Y. (2015). Evaluation of ergonomic approach and musculoskeletal disorders in two different organizations in a truck assembly plant. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 50, 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2015.09.009