Faktor Penyebab Kecelakaan Sepeda Motor: Studi Literatur

Anny  Maryani; Hardianto  Iridiastadi

doi:10.30656/intech.v10i1.8061

Authors

Anny Maryani Institut Teknologi Bandung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4656-6013
Hardianto Iridiastadi Institut Teknologi Bandung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30656/intech.v10i1.8061

Keywords:

Faktor Jalan, Faktor Kendaraan, Faktor Lingkungan, Faktor Manusia, Kecelakaan Sepeda Motor

Abstract

Kecelakaan sepeda motor mendominasi jenis kecelakaan lalu lintas sebesar 70% sampai 75%. Akibat yang ditimbulkan dari kejadian kecelakaan sepeda motor dikategorikan pada tidak ada cidera, cidera ringan, cidera berat sampai kematian (fatalitas). Risiko fatalitas pada korban kecelakaan sepeda motor adalah 27 kali dibandingkan kecelakaan kendaÂraan bermotor lain, dikarenakan minimnya perlindungan saat berkendara sepeda motor. Selain itu, kecelakaan sepeda motor juga menyebabkan timbulnya kerugian materi yang diperlukan untuk penanganan kesehatan, perbaikan kendaraan, dan kerugian kerusakan jalan. Di Indonesia tercatat 250 miliar rupiah per tahun kerugian yang diakibatkan oleh kecelakaan sepeda motor. Mengingat bahayanya kecelakaan sepeda motor ini, maka artikel ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi literatur terkait faktor penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan dan keparahan akibat kecelakaan sepeda motor. Artikel berupa jurnal dan proseding berbahasa Inggris yang dipublikasikan secara internasional dikumpulkan dan didapatkan 139 artikel. Analisa mendalam dilakukan pada artikel terbitan 2016 sampai awal 2022. Sebanyak 18 artikel yang meneliti faktor berpengaruh pada kecelaÂkaan sepeda motor dibahas dan dianalisa secara mendalam. Hasil analisa menyatakan faktor penyebab kecelakaan sepeda motor berasal dari faktor manusia meliputi karakter dan perilaku pengendara, faktor jalan meliputi karakter dan kondisi jalan, faktor kendaraan meliputi kapasitas mesin dan usia kendaraan, serta faktor lingkungan meliputi cuaca, cahaya dan waktu. Detail hubungan ditampilkan pada kerangka sistematis yang berguna untuk menerapkan strategi mitigasi berupa intervensi untuk mengurangi kejadian kecelaÂkaan dan keparahan yang diakibatkan. Intervensi tersebut diantaranya adalah melalui edukasi (pendidikan), infrastruktur, dan kebijakan. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya ditekanÂkan pada edukasi terutama meningkatkan kesadaran berkendara dengan aman melalui perbaikan perilaku berkendara. Selain itu kerangka kecelakaan sepeda motor juga dapat digunakan sebagai acuan peta jalan penelitian keselamatan sepeda motor pada masa yang akan datang.

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